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The Black Prince Hosts the French King
Bringing Sir James Audley to the Prince
After the battle, the Black Prince wanted to honor the brave knights around him. He learned that Sir...
Approaching Poitiers After the Battle
Careful Journey with Prisoners
After the Battle of Poitiers, the English and Gascon forces were heavily loaded. They carried many prisoners, including the French king,...
Ransoming the Prisoners After the Battle
Managing Captured Nobles
After the battle, the English and Gascon forces had many prisoners. These included knights, squires, and important nobles. Since there were so...
Edward I and the French Deception
One of the few setbacks in Edward I’s rule over Aquitaine occurred due to a clever piece of bad faith by Philip IV, which...
Rebellion in Gascony and Intervention by Castile
Even after Simon de Montfort was removed from his government in Gascony, unrest continued. The local barons, dissatisfied with English rule, rebelled once again....
Poitou and the Limits of French Expansion
Even after the death of Arthur of Brittany and the forfeiture of John’s claims, Aquitaine remained under English control. The neighboring county of Poitou,...
The Promise to the Victor
At the end of the letter to the church in Thyateira, St John records a powerful promise made by Christ:
“To the one who is...
St Paul’s Journey to Macedonia
In the Acts of the Apostles (16:11–15), we read about an important moment in the spread of Christianity from Asia Minor to Europe. St...
The Monumental Portico and the Colonnaded Street
The second important group of ruins discovered in ancient Thyateira belongs to a monumental portico, which served as a grand entrance to a public...
Smyrna in the Byzantine and Medieval Periods
The modern city of İzmir is built directly on top of ancient Smyrna. Because of this, only limited archaeological excavation is possible today. Many...
