Saksagan
Communication Between Stories
Stairs or Ladders for Access
Communication between the three stories of the tower was likely maintained by wooden stairs or ladders. In the north-eastern wall...
The Stairway-Turret and Its Purpose
Construction of the Stairway-Turret
The passages that connect the stairway to the chambers in Tower N suggest that the stairway-turret and Tower N were likely...
Later Construction of Wall BB
At a later time, a new wall, labeled BB, was built behind the earlier wall AA. This new wall had strong buttresses, both on...
The Towers of Constantinople’s Inner Wall
The 96 towers that once guarded the Inner Wall of Constantinople are now mostly in ruins. Time, war, earthquakes, and weather have all damaged...
Doubts About Identifying Cyrus as Constantine
The idea that Cyrus and Constantine were the same person has serious problems. First, the name Cyrus is not linked with the land walls...
Cyrus’s Fall from Grace
Despite his success, Cyrus remained humble and cautious. He often said, “I do not like Fortune when she smiles too much.” However, his good...
Renewed Activity of the Macedonian Committee
Despite past difficulties, the Macedonian Committee has renewed its efforts and is actively preparing for a possible uprising. In Bulgaria, their revolutionary work is...
Early Problems in the Macedonian Committee
Until 1901, some leaders of the Macedonian Committee were dishonest and caused the committee to lose respect. The former president, Boris Sarafoff, was known...
Failure of the Treaty of Berlin
Not a single rule in the Treaty of Berlin has been truly followed by the Turkish authorities. Although the treaty demanded many reforms, none...
The Secret Annex to the Treaty
The secret part of the treaty explains how the land gained from Turkey in Europe should be managed. It talks about all the territory...
